Located at the foot of the Flaming Mountain, 30 kilometers southeast of Turpan City in China Xinjiang Province, the ancient Gaochang Ruins are all that is left of an ancient oasis city that was a major stopping point on the Ancient Silk Road. The ruins are a favorite with visitors and are easily accessed. The ruins include the remains of the old palace, Buddhist temples and stupas, and residences and shops.

The ancient city of Gaochang was built in the 1st century BC as a garrison town. It was a key transporation hub on the Ancient Silk Road. Originally part of a small kingdom, during the Han Dynasty (206-220), the kingdom pledged allegiance to the Han Dynasty emperor and in 327, a garrison was set up in the city. After that, Gaochang remained part of China. During the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), the Gaochang area was besieged by the Mongols of another tribe that were not part of the Yuan Dynasty, and destroyed. It was never rebuilt. For 2,000 years, the city has remained untouched and the ruins are magnificent.

The ruins occupy an area of over 2,000 square meters. The city was composed of three sections, an outer city, inner city, and imperial city. The city was enclosed by a city wall built of rammed earth. In the southeastern and southwestern section of the inner city were two Buddhist temples. Their ruins are still there and one still has its murals. Although the city is in ruins, they are incredibly picturesque and exploring the ancient city is a unique experience. It is a great addition to all China tours.

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